Energy efficient apparatus and method for popping popcorn

ABSTRACT

A popcorn popper having a heat source transferring heat to a heating surface and also having a reflective surface for focusing the heat radiated by the heat source toward the heating surface. The popcorn popper can include a mechanical stirrer on the heating surface for shifting the kernels during heating and evenly distributing the kernels across the heating surface. The popcorn popper can have a cover with an integrated reservoir for holding toppings for the popcorn, wherein the reservoir is adapted to drain the topping through the cover without fouling the cover air vents and evenly distribute the topping onto the kernels.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present invention is directed to an apparatus and related methodsfor popping popcorn. More specifically, the present invention isdirected to a popcorn popper including features to improve poppingefficiency and preparation.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Popcorn is a commonly consumed snack food produced by heating kernels ofcorn until the moisture within the kernel vaporizes into steam causingthe starch within the kernel to temporarily gelatinize and the shell ofthe kernel to erupt. The internal moisture of the kernel is quicklyheated to a temperature of approximately 356° F. (180° C.) to vaporizethe moisture and pop the kernel. If the kernel is not sufficientlyheated or is heated too slowly, the kernel will not pop. Similarly, ifone side of the kernel is heated too quickly, the kernel shell can bedamaged while the starch on the cold side has yet to gelatinize leadingto less explosive popping, which in turn reduces popped volume and leadsto chewier popcorn. A corresponding concern is that once the kernel ispopped, the “foam” produced from the gelatinizing and re-hardeningstarch is easily burned giving the popcorn an undesirable taste andtexture. A variety of methods are commonly employed to quickly heatpopcorn kernels to the appropriate temperature while minimizing burninginclude: applying microwave energy to the kernels, cooking the kernelsin hot oil or fat, baking the kernels with heat conducted through aheating surface, or blowing hot air across the kernels. The differentmethods can be incorporated into single use packaging for producing asingle batch of popcorn, wherein the packaging is discarded after thepopcorn is popped, or popcorn makers that can produce repeated batchesof popcorn.

The most common popcorn makers cook the kernels in hot oil, fat or acombination thereof heated on a heating surface or pan supplying thenecessary heat to pop the kernels. The cooking method efficiently heatsthe kernels to the appropriate temperature by conducting heat throughthe oil or fat directly to the kernels. The oil or fat can provide anadditional benefit by imparting a desirable buttery taste or otherflavor to the popped popcorn. A common alternative to the oil or fatcooking method for popping popcorn is baking the kernels with heatconducted through a heating surface without an oil or fat solution.However, a drawback of both the cooking and baking method is that themethods often waste substantial amounts of heat that is dissipated intothe atmosphere. In both methods, the kernels are also typically placedon a heating surface disposed above a heat source. The heat sourcedissipates a large quantity of heat, some of which is transferred to theheating surface. The heating surface then conducts the heat to thekernels either through direct contact under the baking method or via anoil or fat solution under the cooking method. However, as a substantialamount of the heat output from the heat source is dissipated to theenvironment, popcorn poppers using either the cooking or baking methodmay function acceptably even though the heat source design is highlyinefficient. Similarly, because the heat source simply radiates heatoutwardly, different thermal zones may be formed on the heating surfaceeach having different temperature responses depending on the distanceand angle of incidence of the zone from the heat source. The unevenheating may cause some kernels to be under heated, locally over heated,or heat too slowly leading to substandard popping. Depending on thepopper design, a fat or oil cooking solution may help evenly distributethe heat and/or control rate of heating resulting in improved popping;however, if a thick coating of oil or fat is required to yield improvedpopping performance, the monetary and health benefits of such a productmay be compromised.

As the baked method of heating kernels does not cook the kernels in oilor fat, a topping is often applied during popping or after the popcornis popped to impart a buttery taste or any other desirable flavor to thepopcorn. Typically, a cover having an integrated topping reservoir isplaced over the heating surface containing the kernels or poppedpopcorn. The topping reservoir can be arranged at the top of the coverand typically comprises vents in the cover such that the topping can beslowly drained through the vents in the cover onto the popcorn as thekernels are popped or after the popcorn is popped. Certain toppings,such as butter, are slowly melted by the steam released from the poppedkernels such that the melting topping is slowly applied to the popcorn.Covers also commonly comprise air vents for venting the steam in closeproximity to the reservoir or use the same vents for applying thetopping to the popcorn to vent the steam. However, the air vents orshared vents often become fouled by the topping as the topping isdrained into the cover causing a buildup in steam within the cover.Since the moisture cannot escape, the popcorn does not dry out enoughand ends up tasting soggy or chewy.

The different methods of heating often include a mechanical stirrer oragitator to constantly mix the kernels during cooking insuring that theun-popped kernels are evenly heated and the popped kernels are notburnt. However, mechanical stirrers often cause the kernels to bunch orpile up rather than evenly distributing the kernels across the heatingsurface. The kernels within the bunches or piles are often eitherunheated or heated at different rates than evenly distributed kernels.Different heating rates can cause some kernels heated at faster rates topop earlier than kernels heated at slower rates, which may result in thefaster popping kernels being burned while the slower popping kernelsremain un-popped. The bunches or piles of kernels often form in “blindspots” in the rotational path of the stirrer where the arm of thestirrer cannot reach the kernels or the kernels fall beneath the stirrerarm. A corresponding concern is that stirrers without blind spots maycause the kernels to bunch up against the stirrer arm and be pushedaround the heating surface in a bunch rather than being evenlydistributed over the heating surface. Even distribution of the kernelsover the heating surface allows the kernels to absorb the heat moreefficiently, which reduces popping time and reduces heat lost to theenvironment during the cooking period.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

A representative embodiment of a popcorn maker according to the presentdisclosure comprises a heat source transferring heat to a heatingsurface directly via natural convection and radiation and indirectly viaradiation from a reflective surface that focuses stray radiant energyback towards the heating surface. Alternatively, the popcorn popper canfurther comprise a mechanical stirrer on the heating surface forstirring the kernels during heating and evenly distributing the kernelsacross the heating surface. The popcorn popper can further comprise acover for the heating surface having an integrated reservoir for holdingtoppings for the popcorn, wherein the reservoir drains the toppingthrough the cover without fouling the cover air vents providing for evendistribution of the topping onto the kernels.

In one aspect, a representative popcorn popper comprises a base unithaving an integrated heating element and a reflective surface disposedwithin the base. The top face of the base unit can further comprise aheating surface adapted to hold kernels and having a generally flat orpan shape, wherein the heating element is disposed immediately below theheating surface and radiates heat to the heating surface. The reflectivesurface can be arranged beneath the heating element to reflect strayradiant heat back towards the heating surface. The reflective surfacecan comprise a tear shape so as to direct the reflected heat to desiredportions of the heating surface such that the heating surface has a moreuniform temperature. In addition, the bottom side of the heating surfacecan include a surface treatment such as, for example, a highabsorptivity coating to improve the transfer of radiant energy to thedesired areas.

In another aspect, an embodiment of a popcorn popper of the presentdisclosure can comprise a base unit having a footing on the bottom ofthe base unit adapted to insulate any surface upon which the popcornpopper is placed from heat dissipated from the heating element.Alternatively, the base unit can further comprise vents in an exteriorof the base unit to ensure internal components remain at suitabletemperatures. Similarly, the base unit can also comprise handlesdisposed on the exterior of the base unit and adapted to allow users tohandle the base unit without contacting the heated exterior of the baseunit and risking injury.

In yet another aspect, an embodiment of popcorn popper of the presentdisclosure can comprise a base unit having a mechanical stirrer adaptedto rotate on an axis at the center of the heating surface. The base unitcan further comprise a stirrer motor disposed below the center of theheating surface and having a drive rod extending through a port in theheating surface to couple the stirrer to the stirrer motor, such thatthe stirrer motor can rotate the stirrer about its rotational axis. Thestirrer can further comprise at least two arms extending outwardly fromthe rotational axis and adapted to sweep along the heating surface tomix the kernels during heating. The arms can further comprise archedportions adapted to mix the kernels and break up any rows or bunches ofkernels that form on the heating surface. The arched portions can bestaggered at different radial locations of each arm to facilitate thedisruption of rows or bunches to allow for full coverage of the heatingsurface with kernels.

In yet another aspect, an embodiment of a popcorn popper of the presentdisclosure can comprise a cover adapted to interface with the base unitto form an enclosed space over the heating surface. The cover cancomprise a plurality of air vents disposed at the top of the cover toallow steam released during popping to escape the cover. Alternatively,the cover can comprise handles adapted to interface with the handles ofthe base unit such that a user can position the base unit and the covertogether. The interfacing handles allow a user to flip the popcornpopper over and transfer the popped popcorn from the heating surfaceinto the cover such that the cover can serve as a serving bowl. Inanother embodiment, the cover can comprise a reservoir disposed at thetop of the cover adapted to contain a topping for the popcorn on theheating surface. The reservoir can comprise a receiving portion intowhich the topping is placed and drains for distributing the topping ontothe popcorn. The drains can be arranged between the receiving portionand the air vents and adapted to prevent the topping from clogging theair vents when the topping is added to the reservoir. Alternatively, thecover can further comprise a cap for covering the air vents and thereservoir.

The above summary of the various representative embodiments of theinvention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment orevery implementation of the invention. Rather, the embodiments arechosen and described so that others skilled in the art can appreciateand understand the principles and practices of the invention. Thefigures in the detailed description that follow more particularlyexemplify these embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention can be completely understood in consideration of thefollowing detailed description of various embodiments of the inventionin connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of a representative embodimentof a popcorn maker according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the popcorn maker of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the popcorn maker of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the popcorn maker of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the popcorn maker of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a top view of the popcorn maker of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of the popcorn maker of FIG. 1taken at line 7-7 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side view of the popcorn maker of FIG. 1taken at line 8-8 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 9 is an illustration of heating distribution of heat radiated froma heating element and reflected by a reflective surface according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a side view of a pair of stirrer arms illustrating overlappedarched portion according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a stirrer interfaceaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a top view of a reservoir according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 12 b is a cross-sectional view of the reservoir of FIG. 12.

While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternativeforms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in thedrawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood,however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to theparticular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is tocover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling withinthe spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

As illustrated in FIGS. 1-8, a representative embodiment of a popcornmaker 100 of the present disclosure generally comprises a base unit 110having a heating element 120, a reflective surface 122 and a heatingsurface 130. Heating surface 130 defines the top face of base unit 110and is adapted to receive and heat popcorn kernels. Heating element 120is disposed within base unit 110 below heating surface 130 and isadapted to supply heat to at least a portion of heating surface 130.Reflective surface 122 is disposed beneath heating element 120 toreflect any heat not radiated directly to heating surface 130 upwardstoward heating surface 130.

Heating surface 130 comprises a generally flat surface minimizing theformation of bunches or rows of kernels when the kernels are placed onheating surface 130. Heating surface 130 can further comprise a wall 132encircling the flat portion of heating surface 130 such that heatingsurface 130 defines a pan with a flat bottom adapted to receive aquantity of fat or oil for cooking popcorn kernels. Heating surface 130generally comprises a heat conductive material such as, for example,aluminum capable of absorbing heat from the heating element 120 andconducting the heat to the kernels or cooking solution.

Heating element 120 further comprises an electric heating element 120,such as a resistive coil, in operational contact with or in nearproximity to the underside of heating surface 130 such that asubstantial portion of the heat generated by heating element 120 istransferred directly into heating surface 130. Heating element 120 cancomprise a ring shape to maximize the area of heating surface 130receiving heat directly from heating element 120.

Reflective surface 122 generally comprises reflective material such as,for example, aluminum or any other material capable of reflecting heatradiated by heating element 120 away from heating surface 130 towardheating surface 130. As depicted in FIG. 9, reflective surface 122further comprises a tear shape and is curved around heating element 120such that heat reflected upwards toward the heating surface 130 istargeted to portions or zones of the heating surface 130 identified asZone One 131 a, Zone Two 131 b and Zone Three 131 c that are heated byboth direct radiation 133, reflected radiation 135 and naturalconvection from the heating element 120. Reflective surface 122 improvesthe efficiency of heating element 120 by reducing the amount of heatlost to the environment and balances the heat distribution to theheating surface 130 such that all portions of heating surface 130 areevenly heated by either direct radiation 133 from heating element 120 orreflected radiation 135 from reflective surface 122.

As depicted in FIGS. 1-6, base unit 110 can further comprise an exterior112. Exterior 112 can further comprise air vents 114 providingventilation for internal components. The base unit 110 can also furthercomprise handles 116 extending outwardly from exterior 112 of base unit110 such that users can orient or move the popcorn maker 100 withouttouching heating surface 130 or exterior 112 of base unit 110, which canbecome hot from the heating element 120. Also, base unit 110 can furthercomprise a footing 118 defining the bottom projections of base unit 110.Footing 118 is adapted to prevent popcorn maker 100 from damagingsurfaces upon which it is placed with heat generated by heating element120. In addition, footing 118 allows air to flow into vents on thebottom of the base unit 110 in order to maintain internal components atacceptable temperatures.

As depicted in FIGS. 1-2, 7 and 10, base unit 110 can further comprise amechanical stirrer 140 disposed on heating surface 130 and adapted tomix the kernels to evenly distribute the kernels across heating surface130. Mechanical stirrer 140 can further comprise at least two arms 142a, 142 b rotating about a rotational axis a-a disposed at the center ofthe heating surface 130. The arms 142 a, 142 b each further comprisingarm portions 143 a, 143 b and stirring portions 144 a, 144 b. Stirringportions 144 a, 144 b comprise a plurality of arches 146 a, 146 bcreating “blind spots” that form rows of kernels and also having valleys148 a, 148 b for breaking up rows of kernels. As specificallyillustrated in FIG. 10, the stirring portions 144 a, 144 b of the atleast two arms 142 a and 142 b are offset such that the arches 146 a onfirst arm 142 a form a plurality of rows that are subsequently broken upby valleys 148 b on second arm 142 b. The offsetting stirring portions144 a, 144 b allow mechanical stirrer 140 to effectively mix the kernelswithout causing the kernels to bunch up against arms 142 a, 142 b of themechanical stirrer 140 or form unbroken bunches or rows of kernels onheating surface 130. In an alternative embodiment, base unit 110 cancomprise a plurality of mechanical stirrers 140 each having at least onearm 142 a or 142 b further comprising a stirring portion 144 a or 144 b.The plurality of mechanical stirrers 140 extend outward from rotationalaxis a-a disposed at the center of the heating surface 130 such that theplurality of arms 142 a and 142 b rotate around rotational axis a-a.With arms 142 a, 142 b rotating about axis a-a, arches 146 a and valley148 a sweep across heating surface 130 at a unique distance from axisa-a when compared to arches 146 b and valley 148 b.

Referring to FIGS. 7, 8 and 11, base unit 110 can further comprise amotor assembly 150 for rotating mechanical stirrer 140. Motor assembly150 can further comprise an electric motor 152, an electric power source154 powering both electric motor 152 and heating element 120, a motorcoupling 156 and a stirrer interface 160 adapted to operably couple themechanical stirrer 140 to motor 152. Motor coupling 156 extends fromwithin base unit 110 through a motor port 157 in the heating surface 130to link electric motor 152 to stirrer interface 160. Stirrer interface160 can further comprise a cap 162 adapted to grip mechanical stirrer140 and a drive guard 164 adapted to prevent kernels or fragments ofpopped popcorn from entering motor port 157 and fouling motor 152 orpreventing the rotation of mechanical stirrer 140 about axis a-a.

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, base unit 110 can further comprise a motorhousing 158 separating electric motor 152 from the other componentscontained within base unit 110. Specifically, motor housing 158separates and insulates electric motor 152 from heating element 120.Heating surface 130 can further comprise supports 134 disposed belowheating surface 130 and resting on motor housing 158. Supports 134 areoperationally linked to heating surface 130 and are adapted to limit theheat flow from the heating surface 130 to the motor housing 158 and tosufficiently secure the heating surface 130 and reflective surface 122to exterior 112.

As depicted in FIGS. 1-8, popcorn maker 100 can further comprise a cover170 having a dome 172. Dome 172 generally includes a top face 173 and alower perimeter wall 171 that is adapted to interface with the edge ofheating surface 130 such that a contained interior space 174 is definedabove heating surface 130. Popcorn kernels are often moved by the forceof the bursting kernel. Interior space 174 is adapted to contain thekernels when launched into the air during popping and also receive andhold at least a portion of the popped kernels if cover 170 is inverted.Alternatively, cover 170 can further comprise cover handles 176 adaptedto interface with handles 116 of base unit 110. Interfacing coverhandles 176 and handles 116 of base unit 110 permits the user to invertpopcorn maker 100 without separating cover 170 from the base unit 110.Cover 170 is adapted to receive popped kernels from base unit 110 bysimply inverting popcorn maker 100 and removing the base unit 110 suchthat cover 170 can be used as a bowl.

Referring to FIGS. 1-8, 12 and 12 b, dome 172 can further comprise aplurality of air vents 178 disposed at the top face 173 of dome 172 andadapted to vent the steam generated by the popping process from interiorspace 174. Dome 172 can further define a topping reservoir 180 disposedat the top of dome 172. Topping reservoir 180 can further comprise areceiving surface 182 adapted to receive toppings added to the reservoir180 and a plurality of drains 184 adapted to evenly distribute thetopping over a portion of the popcorn. Drains 184 are arranged betweenreceiving surface 172 and air vents 178 to prevent the topping added toreceiving surface 182 from fouling the air vents 178. Drains 184 canalso be shaped to prevent fouling of air vents 178 while maximizing thedistribution of the topping over the popcorn on heating surface 130.Drains 184 can comprise overlapping linear or s-curved drains such thattopping added to the topping reservoir 180 intersects at least one ofplurality of drains 184 when the topping is added to receiving surface182. Topping reservoir 180 can alternatively further comprise a butterpost 186 adapted to receive solid butter or other solid toppings andhold the solid topping at the center of the topping reservoir 180 as thetopping is melted by the steam from the popped kernels. Dome 172 canfurther comprise a wall 190 encircling the air vents 178 and drains 184preventing spillage or overflow of topping added to topping reservoir180. The position, size, and shape of the drains 184, vents 178, andwall 190 minimize splatter of oil towards the user during popping. Asdepicted in FIG. 1, cover 170 can further comprise a lid 192 adapted tointerface with wall 190 to cover the air vents 178 and drains 184 whenthe popcorn maker 100 is not in use or if cover 170 is inverted for useas a serving bowl.

Although specific examples have been illustrated and described herein,it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that anyarrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose could be substitutedfor the specific examples shown. This application is intended to coveradaptations or variations of the present subject matter. Therefore, itis intended that the invention be defined by the attached claims andtheir legal equivalents, as well as the following illustrativeembodiments.

What is claimed is:
 1. A popcorn maker comprising: a heating surfacecapable of receiving a quantity of popcorn kernels; a heating elementdisposed below the heating surface and adapted to direct heat to theheating surface; and a mechanical stirrer disposed on the heatingsurface, the mechanical stirrer including at least a pair of arms, eacharm including at least one upwardly arched portion defining a blind spotbelow the at least one upwardly arched portion adapted to form and breakup rows of kernels, wherein the mechanical stirrer rotates on top of theheating surface to distribute the popcorn kernels about the heatingsurface and wherein the at least one upwardly arched portion of each armis offset from the remaining arms such that the at least one upwardlyarched portion of each arm sweeps across the heating surface at a uniquedistance as measured form a common rotational axis.
 2. The popcorn makerof claim 1, further comprising: a cover having a top face and a bottomedge adapted to interface with the heating surface and furthercomprising: a plurality of air vents disposed on the top face of thecover.
 3. The popcorn maker of claim 2, further comprising: a reservoirdisposed on the top face of the cover having a receiving surface adaptedto receive a quantity of popcorn topping and a plurality of drains;wherein the plurality of drains is adapted to distribute the quantity ofpopcorn topping fed onto the receiving surface onto the quantity ofpopcorn kernels on the heating surface.
 4. The popcorn maker of claim 3,wherein the plurality of drains is disposed between the receivingsurface and the plurality of air vents, wherein the plurality of drainsprevents the quantity of popcorn topping from fouling the plurality ofair vents.
 5. The popcorn maker of claim 3, wherein the plurality ofdrains comprises a series of overlapping drains that deliver popcorntopping to the popcorn at continuously varying radial locations.
 6. Thepopcorn maker of claim 1, further comprising: a guard preventing kernelsfrom fouling the mechanical stirrer and preventing the rotation of themechanical stirrer.
 7. The popcorn maker of claim 1, further comprisinga reflective surface adapted to redirect heat originally radiated awayfrom the heating surface toward the heating surface.
 8. The popcornmaker of claim 7, wherein the reflective surface has a tear shapeadapted to direct and allocate the stray radiant heat to the desiredzones of the heating surface.
 9. The popcorn maker of claim 7, whereinthe reflective surface comprises a commercial aluminum material,reflecting radiant heat very well at an economically viable materialcost for the end product.
 10. The popcorn maker of claim 1, wherein theheating surface comprises a pan shape having a flat portion and a wall.11. The popcorn maker of claim 1, wherein the heating surface comprisesa heat conductive material adapted to transfer heat received by theheating surface to the quantity of popcorn kernels.
 12. The popcornmaker of claim 1, wherein the heating element comprises an electricresistive coil.
 13. The popcorn maker of claim 1, further comprising atleast two base unit handles for orientating popcorn maker withoutcontacting the heating surface.
 14. The popcorn maker of claim 13,further comprising: a cover having a bottom edge adapted to interfacewith the heating surface and at least two cover handles adapted tointerface with the base unit handles, wherein the heating surface andthe cover are adapted to be inverted without separating the cover fromheating surface to transfer the popcorn kernels from the heating surfaceto the cover.
 15. The popcorn maker of claim 1, wherein each armincludes a plurality of upwardly arched portions.